The outcome of Endoscopic Supraorbital Eyebrow Approach: A Case Series Reported from PINS, Pakistan

Objective:  The study was conducted to evaluate the technique and results of the endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow craniotomy for resection of extra-axial skull base lesions. Material and Methods:  A case study of 70 patients who underwent the endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach was conducted. The patients' lesion location, the extent of excision, hospital stay, complications, and cosmetic results were all examined. A 48-hour postoperative CT scan was conducted, followed by a 6-week MRI to check for residuals. Total resection (complete), near-total resection (>90 percent), and subtotal resection (< 90 percent) were the three types of resection rates. At the follow-up appointment, the wound was evaluated for aesthetic reasons as well as any neurological impairment. Results:  There were 39% male patients and 61.4% female patients. The mean age of the patients was 37 years. Craniopharyngioma (88.57%) was reported in most of the patients. In the majority (93%) of the cases, total resection was performed. No complication was observed in 70% of the patients. 14% of patients reported Diabetes insipidus. No intraoperative complications like bleeding or tissue injury were observed. 88.57% of patients were satisfied with the surgical management. Conclusion:  With outstanding aesthetic outcomes, the endoscopic supraorbital eyebrow approach is a safe and effective minimally invasive Keyhole method to remove extra-axial anterior skull base and sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar lesions

Seismic Characterization to Identify Geological Structures and Petroleum Play in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

The Cretaceous shale intervals of Talhar and Sembar Formations – distributed in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan – are organic-rich shales that can act as shale gas plays. Two-dimensional seismic using synthetic modeling has been carried out in Khewari oil field to identify petroleum plays. This work was completed with the help of eight seismic processed and migrated lines. Based on structural interpretation different geological structures were marked. The seismic character, continuity, and coherency in seismic reflection patterns indicate that the area is under an extensional regime with normal faults pattern associated with horst and graben structure. This structure is favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon. The shales of Talhar and Sembar formations are overlying Chilton limestone, which is a proven reservoir. The isopach maps show that Talhar Shales and Sembar Formation are dipping towards the northeast. Precisely to characterize the reflector, a synthetic seismogram was employed to tie well tops and seismic profiles

Efficacy and Role of Intrathecal Fluorescein for Detection of Defect Site for Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea

Background/Objectives:  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a rare but potentially devastating condition that can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. 90% of post-traumatic rhinorrheas stop conservatively, 10% of post-traumatic, spontaneous, and post-operative rhinorrhea need surgical repair. Fluorescein is helpful in the detection of CSF rhinorrhea peroperatively. Material and Methods:  A descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, PINS Lahore in a single unit by a single surgical team. 62 patients were enrolled who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The lumbar drain was passed at L4 – L5 level and 0.1 ml of 25% sodium Fluorescein was diluted in 10 ml of CSF. The endoscope passed through the nostril and the leakage point was detected by yellowish-green fluid coming out of the rent under endoscope. After surgery, the patients were followed up after two weeks to observe the efficacy. Post-stratification was done through a chi-square test. Results:  The mean age of the patients was 42.85 years. The most common leakage was found from cribriform plate followed by lateral lamella & sphenoid sinus. Gender difference, leakage site, and age of the patients did not have significant effects on the results of using fluorescein dye for detecting the rent. The benefit of using the dye was 79%. Conclusion:  This study indicated that intrathecal fluorescein is a highly effective and beneficial approach for pinpoint localization of CSF defect, particularly very minute defects, and plays an important role in the successful treatment of CSF rhinorrhea

Delineation of Ground Water Recharge Potential Zones in Lahore District, Punjab, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Lahore is the provincial capital of Punjab and the second most populous city in Pakistan. Aquifer recharge rates have been continuously decreasing over a long period of time, which has caused a significant decline in the water table level. Rapid population growth, urban development, and industrialization have all raised the demand for water supplies. Due to significant infrastructural development, a considerable portion of the land is now impervious and rainfall now drains as surface runoff rather than recharging the aquifer level. Average annual rainfall, one of the primary sources used to replenish the Lahore aquifer, is insufficient to prevent the depletion of the water table, and River Ravi stays almost dry except in rainy seasons. Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques are used to find suitable areas for replenishment in the Lahore aquifer system in order to enhance sustainability and prevent decreasing groundwater levels. Distance from the water channel, land use/land cover (LULC), slope, geology, drainage density, rainfall, lineament density, and soil type are the eight layers that have been integrated with the GIS overlay analysis. Thematic maps are generated using both conventional and remote sensing data. These maps are eventually converted to raster data. Very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor are the five zones that have been delineated. A good to very good suitable part was found to constitute 46.34% of the total study area

Influence of responsible leadership on inclusive organizations: A mixed- method study

The ever-increasing diversity in organizations demands deliberate efforts to include the members in organizational activities. Responsible leadership, a blend of corporate social responsibility, ethics, and leadership, can generate willing cooperation and an urge to fully participate, which is pivotal to the success of the inclusive organization. This study explores the influence of responsible leadership on inclusive organization and uncovers its domains and pathways. Sequential mixed methods design has been adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative data comprise 25 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and quantitative data 800 responses on questionnaires, collected from eight organizations, four each from the manufacturing and services sectors. It has been found that responsible leadership significantly influences the inclusive organization. The influence is exerted in social and ethical domains and follows five different pathways within each domain. It is also concluded that a responsible leadership style is better suited for inclusive organizations

Bacterial Isolates in Slow Resolving Pneumonias

Background : To study the pattern of bacterial isolates in slow resolving pneumonia (SRP) patients Methods : In this prospective study patients (n=121) fulfilling the criteria of slow resolving pneumonia, having Age > 14 years and radiological evidence of consolidation were included in the study. Patients having Age > 65 < 14 years, not giving consent for Invasive investigation, nosocomial pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, fungal and mycobacterial infections were excluded. All patients were investigated with multiple view Chest X-ray, sputum smear for Gram staining, ZN-staining, cytology & culture sensitivity for pyogenic and fungal infections. Fiber-optic Bronchoscopy and BAL analysis was utilized. Contrast enhanced CT scan was employed for accurate definition of the lesion. Samples were sent for microbiological evaluation. Result: Age group was 14-65 years with median age 53 years. One hundred and twenty one pyogenic bacterial isolates were obtained. Gram negative bacteria were 66.11% while gram positive bacteria were 30.57 % and mixed growth were seen in 3.30%. Conclusion : Gram negative etiology predominates in SRP cases with pseudomonas at the top followed by klebsiella

Higher Order Non-Planar Electrostatic Solitary Potential in a Streaming Electron-Ion Magnetoplasma: Phase Plane Analysis

We investigate cylindrical and spherical solitons in electron-ion (EI) plasma that contains hot (cold) electrons with stationary ions. The magneto-hydrodynamic equations are solved with the aid of the reductive perturbation (RP) technique, leading to the modified Korteweg–De Vries (mKdV) equation for the non-linear behaviour of the solitary waves in EI plasma. By employing the reduced differential transform method (RDTM), an approximate solution of the mKdV is obtained for solitary waves. Phase plane analysis reveals that these excitations exhibit periodic oscillations. The phase plane and periodic behaviour of the obtained model are studied. It is observed that the amplitude and width of the electron acoustic waves (EAWs) are affected by a slight change in the cold to hot electron temperature ratio (σc) and the number density of the cold to hot electron ratio (α). The effect of the streaming speed u(0) and superthermality index κe are investigated. This study is important for understanding the symmetric properties of cylindrical and spherical plasma, relying on the bifurcation analysis, impacted by the streaming effect in the EI plasma.Basque Government: Grant IT1555-22 Basque Government: Grant KK-2022/00090 MCIN/ AEI 269.10.13039/501100011033: Grant PID2021-1235430B-C21/C22

The Development of Employees’ Knowledge Sharing Behavior through Team Innovation Climate and Organization Culture

The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence concerning the impact of team innovation climate on knowledge sharing behavior and individuals’ altruistic intentions in software sector. A survey base study was conducted. Survey based-data was collected from 319 employees at software center in Pakistan. The results of this study revealed that all the constructs of team innovation climate had positive impact on altruistic intention and knowledge sharing behavior. Moreover, altruistic intention and organization culture had positive impact on knowledge sharing behavior. However, it was found that one construct of team innovation climate (Participative safety) did not have impact on organization culture. The present research contributes to the literature pertaining to the psychosocial sides of knowledge sharing behaviors. Keywords: Team innovation climate, altruistic intention, organization culture, knowledge sharing behavior

Rota virus diarrhea in hospitalized children

Objective: To determine the frequency and clinical features of Rota virus diarrhea in children presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A cross-sectional, observational study. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from January to June 2007. Methodology: A total of three hundred children of either gender aged 1 month to 5 years, who presented with diarrhea of \u3c 7 days as a primary illness were enrolled. Children with bloody diarrhea or nosocomial gastroenteritis acquired duringhospitalization for other disease were not included. Detection of Rota virus in stool was done by enzyme linked immunoassay. Results: Out of 300 children, 188 (63%) tested positive and 112 (37%) tested negative for Rota virus. Positive Rota virus cases in 7 – 12 months of age was (n = 34, 18.08%). Overall, 151 (80.3%) children with Rota virus were less than 3 years old. 182 (60.7%) had fever, 118 (39.3%) had vomiting and 156 (82.9%) children had both fever and vomiting. Conclusion: This study shows that Rota virus is a common organism causing diarrhea in children less than 3 years of age. There is a need to incorporate Rota virus vaccine in the national EPI program to decrease the disease burden as highlighted in this study